Duolingo Latino Grammar: Lectio Tertia.

B. D. H.
Grammar Lesson: II. ↔ IV.

Adjectives

Just like nouns, adjectives follow declensions. The adjective solus (masc.), sola (fem.), solum (neut.) follow the first and second declension, and get the same endings as nouns: discipulus - femina - Eboracum.
Have a look at how the ending of the adjective changes:

Latin	English	Gender
discipulus novus	a new student	masculine
familia nova	a new family	feminine
civitas nova	a new state	feminine
Novum Eboracum	New York	neuter
nomen novum	a new name	neuter

When using sum, you also need to make sure the adjective agrees with the noun.

Latin	English
Marcus est Romanus.	Marcus is Roman.
Livia Americana est.	Livia is American.
Nomen est novum.	The name is new.
Ego solus sum.	I am alone. (masculine)
Ego sola sum.	I am alone. (feminine)

Locative

The locative case is a special case which indicates a location used for cities.
Some general rules:

• -a (first declension) becomes -ae
• -us and -um (second declension) become -i

Nominative	Locative	English (loc.)
Roma	Romae	in Rome
Novum Eboracum	Novi Eboraci	in New York
Corinthus	Corinthi	in Corinth

Other locations will generally get a preposition (in + ablative, we will deal with the ablative later in the course).

Latin	English
in Italia	in Italy
in urbe	in the city

Domi (at home) is an exception!

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Num

The particle num indicates that the speaker expects a negative answer; the speaker would be surprised if someone answered yes.
Compare the following sentences.

Latin	English	Expected Answer
Num Romae habitat?	Surely he doesn't live in Rome?	Negative
Habitatne Romae?	Does he live in Rome?	- (neutral)

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-tas

The suffix -(i)tas is the equivalent of the English -(i)ty. These nouns follow the third declension and are feminine.

Latin	English
universitas	university
libertas	liberty, freedom
difficultas	difficulty, trouble

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New Vocabulary

Latin	English	Additional Info
familia	family	1st, fem.
Bostonia	Boston	1st, fem.
Philadelphia	Philadelphia	1st, fem.
Novum Eboracum	New York	2nd, neut.
iuvenis	young man	3rd, masc.
urbs	city	3rd, fem.
civitas	state	3rd, fem.
universitas	university	3rd, fem.
solus	alone	-us, -a, -um
novus	new	-us, -a, -um
natus	born	-us, -a, -um
meus	my	-us, -a, -um
Americanus	American	-us, -a, -um
multi	many	-i, -ae, -a (plural)
quid	what, which	3rd, neut.
quot	how many

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